Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of resistance is the ratio of

Actual velocity of jet at vena-contracta to the theoretical velocity
Area of jet at vena-contracta to the area of orifice
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
Loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Slip of a reciprocating pump is negative, when

Suction pipe is short and pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is short and delivery pipe is long and the pump is running at low speeds
Delivery pipe is long and pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and the pump is running at high speeds

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

all of fhe above
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion

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