Machine Design
When a hole of diameter ‘d’ is punched in a metal of thickness 't', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to (where τu = Ultimate shear strength of the material of the plate)

π/4 × d².τu
π/4 × d² × tτu
t.τu
πd.t.τu

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Machine Design
In case of thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder is

Maximum at the outer surface and minimum at the inner surface
Maximum at the inner surface and zero at the outer surface
Maximum at the inner surface and minimum at the outer surface
Maximum at the outer surface and zero at the inner surface

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP