Machine Design
When a hole of diameter ‘d’ is punched in a metal of thickness 't', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to (where τu = Ultimate shear strength of the material of the plate)

π/4 × d².τu
πd.t.τu
t.τu
π/4 × d² × tτu

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Machine Design
A stud

Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has both the ends threaded
Has pointed threads
Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP