Machine Design
When a hole of diameter ‘d’ is punched in a metal of thickness 't', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to (where τu = Ultimate shear strength of the material of the plate)
Through slots are made at top and a cotter pin is passed through these and a hole in the bolt, and cotter spitted and bent in reverse direction at other end
A hard fibre or nylon cotter is recessed in the nut and becomes threaded as the nut is screwed on the bolt causing a tight grip
One smaller nut is tightened over main nut and main nut tightened against smaller one by loosening, creating friction jamming
A slot is cut partly in middle of nut and then slot reduced by tightening a screw
EXAMIANS