Machine Design
When a hole of diameter ‘d’ is punched in a metal of thickness 't', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to (where τu = Ultimate shear strength of the material of the plate)

π/4 × d² × tτu
πd.t.τu
π/4 × d².τu
t.τu

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Machine Design
The plasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Resist fracture due to high impact loads
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force
Regain its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed

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