Machine Design
When a hole of diameter ‘d’ is punched in a metal of thickness 't', then the force required to punch a hole is equal to (where τu = Ultimate shear strength of the material of the plate)

πd.t.τu
π/4 × d².τu
π/4 × d² × tτu
t.τu

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Machine Design
A woodruff key is

Fitted in pairs at right angles
A tapered key with head at one end
All of these
Capable of tilting in a recess milled out in the shaft

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Machine Design
Form coefficient of spring is

Load required to produce unit deflection
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Concerned with strength of wire of spring
Its capability of storing energy

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