Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When a cylindrical vessel, containing some liquid, is rotated about its vertical axis, the liquid surface is depressed down at the axis of its rotation and rises up near the walls of the vessel on all sides. This type of flow is known as

Uniform flow
Steady flow
Turbulent flow
Vortex flow

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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