Electrical Machines
What is the necessity of copper brushes in a dc motors?

  None of these.
  To convert alternating supply current to direct current.
  To absorb the mechanical shocks produced during running condition.
  To increase the flux cutting by the rotor.

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Electrical Machines
Armature reaction in a DC machine

  makes an angle of 90° with the main pole axis.
 is in direct opposition to the main poles.
 makes an angle with the main pole axis which is load dependent.
 is in the same direction as the main poles.

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