Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  any of the above methods.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.

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Electrical Machines
When the supply terminal of a DC shunt motor are interchanged

 The motor will stop.
 The motor will run much faster in the same direction.
 The direction of rotation will reverse.
  The motor will run at its normal speed in the same direction as before.

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