Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Venturimeter is used to

Measure the pressure difference of liquid flowing between two points in a pipe line
Measure the pressure of a flowing liquid
Measure the velocity of a flowing liquid
Measure the discharge of liquid flowing in a pipe

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
all of fhe above
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A tank of uniform cross-sectional area (A) containing liquid upto height (H1) has an orifice of cross-sectional area (a) at its bottom. The time required to bring the liquid level from H1 to H2 will be

2A × (√H3/2 - √H3/2)/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₁/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × √H₂/Cd × a × √(2g)
2A × (√H₁ - √H₂)/Cd × a × √(2g)

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