Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
All of these
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Remains same throughout
Increases upwards
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Decreases upwards

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