Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²
All of these
Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.

It is suitable for process, in which the final product is a liquor instead of solid
Liquor flows inside the tube, while the steam is outside submerging the tube
It is unsuitable for concentrating those liquids, which form a scale or deposit salt
Its usual dimensions are: tube dia = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia = 1-4 metres and evaporator height = 2.5-4 metres

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation column.

Murphree efficiency of all the three trays are nearly equal, however the peak efficiency is generally higher for seive and valve trays than the bubble cap
Maintenance cost for valve and seive trays are comparatively more than bubble cap tray due to their relatively complicated construction features
Valve trays have the highest turn down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the highest to the lowest vapour flow rates) and thus provides the maximum flexible operating range
Bubble cap trays though most expensive are the best in situations, where low vapour rates is to be handled and a positive liquid seal is essential at all flow rates

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