Process Control and Instrumentation
Thermal wells are used in the temperature measurement to

Reduce measuring lag
Guard against corrosive and oxidising action on thermocouple materials
Increase the fidelity
Increase the sensitivity

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Process Control and Instrumentation
Temperature control of an exothermic chemical reaction taking place in a CSTR is done with the help of cooling water flowing in a jacket around the reactor. The types of valve and controller action to be recommended are

Air to open valve with the controller indirect acting
Air to open valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller direct acting
Air to close valve with the controller indirect acting

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