Internal Combustion Engines
The two reference fuels used for cetane rating are

Cetane and tetra ethyl lead
Cetane and alpha-methyl naphthalene
Cetane and iso-octane
Cetane and normal heptane

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Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The correct sequence of the decreasing order of brake thermal efficiency of the three given basic types of engines is

Four stroke C.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine
Two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine

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