Internal Combustion Engines
The two reference fuels used for cetane rating are

Cetane and iso-octane
Cetane and tetra ethyl lead
Cetane and alpha-methyl naphthalene
Cetane and normal heptane

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Internal Combustion Engines
The compensating jet in a carburettor supplies almost constant amount of petrol at all speeds because the

The flow from the main jet is diverted to the compensating jet with increase in speed
Flow is produced due to the static head in the float chamber
Jet area is automatically varied depending on the suction
The diameter of the jet is constant and the discharge coefficient is invariant

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
None of these
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls

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