Internal Combustion Engines
The two reference fuels used for cetane rating are

Cetane and alpha-methyl naphthalene
Cetane and iso-octane
Cetane and tetra ethyl lead
Cetane and normal heptane

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre
Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
Which one of the following event would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine?

Inlet valve opening before top dead center
Inlet valve closing before bottom dead center
Inlet valve closing after bottom dead center
Exhaust valve closing after top dead center

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