Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls
None of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center

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