Theory of Machine
The swaying couple is due to the

Primary unbalanced force
Secondary unbalanced force
Two cylinders of locomotive
Partial balancing

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Theory of Machine
Angle of ascent of cam is defined as the angle

Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position
During which the follower returns to its initial position
Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in highest position

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
All of the listed here
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam

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