Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process

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Machine Design
Which is correct statement? Stress concentration in static loading is

Equally serious in both types of materials
Seriousness would depend on other factors
Very serious in ductile materials and less serious in brittle materials
Very serious in brittle materials and less serious in ductile materials

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