Machine Design
When a closely coiled helical spring is subjected to a couple about its axis, the stress induced in the wire material of the spring is

A combination of bending stress and direct shear stress
A combination of torsional shear stress and bending
Bending stress only
Direct shear stress only

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side

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Machine Design
According to Rankine's theory, the failure occurs at a point in a member

When the strain energy per unit volume in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain energy at the elastic limit per unit volume as determined from a simple tension test
When the maximum shear stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the shear stress at elastic limit in a simple tension test
When the maximum principal stress in a biaxial stress system reaches the elastic limit of the material in a simple tension test
When the maximum principal strain in a biaxial stress system reaches the strain at the elastic limit as determined from a simple tension test

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Machine Design
Which is correct statement?

Which one is rigid will depend on several other factors
A member made of cast iron will generally be more rigid than a member of equal load carrying ability made of steel
A member made of steel will generally be more rigid than a member of equal load carrying ability made of cast iron
Both will be equally rigid

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