Machine Design
A stud

Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has pointed threads
Has both the ends threaded

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Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column
Effective length of column to width of column
Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column

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