Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
DC Motor

  dc series motor.
  dc shunt with armature resistance control.
  dc compound motor.
  dc shunt motor with field weakening.

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