Electrical Machines
A DC series motor must started on no load because it would

 Fail to start without load.
  Run at dangerously high speed.
 Draw more current without producing sufficient torque.
 Not develop starting torque.

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Electrical Machines
In a 3 - Φ induction motor

  power factor at starting is low as compared to that while running.
  power factor at starting is high as compared to that while running.
  power factor at starting in the same as that while running.
  none of them.

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