Electrical Machines
A DC series motor must started on no load because it would

 Fail to start without load.
 Draw more current without producing sufficient torque.
  Run at dangerously high speed.
 Not develop starting torque.

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Electrical Machines
The coil spam

 can never be equal to pole pitch.
 must be exactly equal to people pitch.
 none of above.
  may or may not be exactly equal to people pitch.

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Electrical Machines
In dc machines, the field system has to be provided on stator unlike synchronous machines Where in it could be on any member, because

 it gives more uniform air-gap flux distribution
 dc machines are comparatively low rating machines.
 it reduces field structure iron losses
 commutator action is not possible otherwise

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