RCC Structures Design
The self-weight of the footing, is

Both (b) and (c)
Not considered for calculating the area of the footing
Not considered for calculating the upward pressure on footing
Also considered for calculating the upward pressure on footing

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RCC Structures Design
Steel beam theory is used for

Steel beams encased in concrete
Beams if shear exceeds 4 times allowable shear stress
Design of simple steel beams
Doubly reinforced beams ignoring compressive stress in concrete

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