RCC Structures Design
The length of lap in tension reinforcement should not be less than the bar diameter × (actual tension / four times the permissible average bond stress) if it is more than

24 bar diameters
30 bar diameters
36 bar diameters
18 bar diameters

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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