Airport Engineering
The runway orientation is made so that landing and takeoff are

Against the wind direction
Perpendicular to wind direction
Along the wind direction
None of these

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Airport Engineering
Effective length of a runway is the distance between

Ends of the runway
Ends of the clear way on either side
Point of intersection of the glide path and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway
Point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface, and the other end of the runway

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