Waste Water Engineering
The pressure exerted by

The internal pressure if any, causes tensile stress in the pipe material
Pressure sewers are designed to be safe in tension
All listed here
The sewage when running full from inside, is called internal pressure

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Waste Water Engineering
Hydraulic mean radius is

Cross-sectional area/wetted perimeter
Mean radius of sewer
Mean of radii in a pipe line of varying cross -sections
Difference in heads between two points in circular pipes

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