Internal Combustion Engines
Which one of the following event would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine?

Inlet valve closing after bottom dead center
Inlet valve closing before bottom dead center
Exhaust valve closing after top dead center
Inlet valve opening before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
All of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

All of these
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful
To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine

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