Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
None of these
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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