In electrical engineering, the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load to the apparent power in the circuit ” R/Z”.
In the given diagram all are NOR Gate . The final output is shown in the figure. At stage 1 the output will be \overline A \& \overline B At stage 2 the output will be \overline {\overline A + \overline B } = A.B And the final output will be \overline {A.B} Hence for input A & B the output is \overline {AB} in case of Nand gate.
When two solid surfaces are brought into contact, a finite normal force is needed to pull the two solids apart. This force is known as the force of adhesion or simply adhesion. The coefficient of adhesion () defined as the ratio of tractive effort required to propel the wheel of a locomotive to its adhesive weight. Adhesion traction is the friction between the drive wheels and the steel rail. µ = Ft/W Where Ft = Tractive effort W = Adhesive Weight
Galvanized steel conductors do not corrode, and possess high resistance. Hence such Wires are used in telecommunications circuits, earth wires, guard wire, stray wire, etc.