Electrical Machines
No load primary current in a transformer

 lags behind applied voltage by exactly 90Â&am
 lags behind applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã
 leads the applied voltage by exactly 90Â&
 leads the applied voltage somewhat less than 90Ã&

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Electrical Machines
A bipolar dc machine with interpoles has a main-pole flux of ф per pole and an interpole flux of Фᵢ per pole. The yoke of the machine is devide into four quadrants by the main-pole axis and The commutation axis. The flux-distribution in the quadrants will be

 ½ ( ф - фᵢ ) in all the four quadrants
 ½ ( ф + фᵢ ) in all the four quadrants
 ½ ( ф + фᵢ ) in two adjacent quadrants and ½ ( ф - фᵢ ) in the remaining two quadrants
 ½ ( ф + фᵢ ) in two diametrically opposite quadrants and ½ ( ф - фᵢ ) in the remaining two Quadrants

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