Phosphorus (P) has 15 electron i.e 2,8,5. Hence the number of electron in its outermost orbit is 5. Silicon (Si) has 14 electron i.e 2,8,4. Hence the number of electrons in its outermost orbit is 4.
Io = V/R = 20/100 Io = 0.2 A Since the given diode is an ideal diode therefore there is no voltage drop across it. Vo = Io × RD Vo = 0.2 × 0 Vo = 0 Hence Io = 0.2 A & Vo = 0
Lap Winding:-In a lap winding the number of parallel paths (a) is always equal to the number of poles (p) and also to the number of brushes. In the given question number of poles is 4 hence the number of brushes will be 4. Wave Winding:- In wave windings, the number of parallel paths (a) is always two and there may be two or more brush positions.
A P-N junction acts as a voltage-controlled switch. During forward biasied the p-n junction diode acts like an ON switch. When reverse biased, it acts like an OFF switch.
Form factor: The ratio of r.m.s (or effective) value to average value is the form factor (Kf) of the Waveform. It has used in voltage generation and instrument correction factors. Peak factor: The ratio of maximum value to the r.m.s value is the peak factor (Kp) of the waveform. Form Factor × Peak Factor = (RMS Value / Average Value) * (Maximum Value / RMS Value) = Maximum Value / Average Value
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