RCC Structures Design
The modular ratio ‘m’ of a concrete whose permissible compressive stress is ‘C’, may be obtained from the equation.

m = 700/3C
m = 2800/3C
m = 3500/3C
m = 1400/3C

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RCC Structures Design
In a beam the local bond stress Sb, is equal to

Leaver arm/(Shear force × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Leaver arm/(Bending moment × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Shear force/(Leaver arm × Total perimeter of reinforcement)
Total perimeter of reinforcement/(Leaver arm × Shear force)

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RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

All listed here
Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage
Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)
y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 + (l - x̅)

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