RCC Structures Design
If the ratio of long and short spans of a two way slab with corners held down is r, the actual reduction of B.M. is given by

(5/6) (r²/1 + r³) M
(5/6) (r²/1 + r⁴) M
(5/6) (r/1 + r²) M
(5/6) (r²/1 + r²) M

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L - (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)

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