Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Swept volume/cylinder volume
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression
Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder

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