Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate
Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate

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Mass Transfer
The rate of solid-liquid extraction is limited by the

Diffusion of the solute from the solution in contact with the particle to the main bulk of the solution
Phase change of the solute as it dissolves in the solvent
Diffusion of the solute through the solvent in the pores to the outside of the particle
All of these

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