Engineering Materials
The hardness of steel primarily depends on

Percentage of carbon
Percentage of alloying elements
Shape of carbides and their distribution in iron
Heat treatment employed

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Engineering Materials
Smelting is the process of

Reducing the ore with carbon in the presence of a flux
Removing the impurities like clay, sand etc. from the iron ore by washing with water
All of these
Expelling moisture, carbon dioxide, sulphur and arsenic from the iron ore by heating in shallow kilns

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