Engineering Materials
Nickel in steel

Gives ductility, toughness, tensile strength and anti-corrosion properties
Refines grain size and produces less tendency to carburisation, improves corrosion and heat resistant properties
Improves wear resistance, cutting ability and toughness
Improves cutting ability and reduces hardenability

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Engineering Materials
In process annealing, the hypo eutectoid steel is

Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air

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Engineering Materials
Combined carbon in iron makes the metal

Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives coarse grained crystalline structure

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Engineering Materials
Free carbon in iron makes the metal

Hard and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a fine grained crystalline structure
Soft and gives a coarse grained crystalline structure
Hard and gives a fine grained crystalline structure

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