Engineering Materials
White cast iron

Is produced by small additions of magnesium (or creium) in the ladle. Graphite is in nodular or spheroidal form and is well dispersed throughout the material
Is also known as chilled cast iron and is obtained by cooling rapidly. It is almost unmachinable
Contains 1.7 to 3.5% carbon in Free State and is obtained by the slow cooling of molten cast iron
Is produced by annealing process. It is soft, tough and easily machined metal

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Engineering Materials
In a hardening process, the hypo-eutectoid steel is

Heated below or closes to the lower critical temperature and then cooled slowly
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled in still air
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled slowly in the furnace
Heated from 30°C to 50°C above the upper critical temperature and then cooled suddenly in a suitable cooling medium

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