Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat pivot bearing, considering uniform wear, is (where μ = Coefficient of friction, W = Load over the bearing, and R = Radius of bearing surface)

(2/3) μ W R
(1/2) μ W R
(3/4) μ W R
μ W R

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body
The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body
All of these

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)

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