Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat pivot bearing, assuming uniform wear, is(Where μ = Coefficient of friction, W=Load over the bearing, R=Radius of bearing)

½μWR
¾μWR
μwr
²/₃ μWR

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Theory of Machine
In a cam drive with uniform velocity follower, the sharp corners of the displacement diagram are rounded off at the beginning and at the end of each stroke. This is done

Because of loose contact of follower with cam surface
Because of difficulty in manufacturing cam profile
Because the uniform velocity motion is a partial parabolic motion
In order to have acceleration in beginning and retardation at the end of stroke within the finite limits

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
All of the listed here

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