RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress
All listed here
Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage

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RCC Structures Design
As per IS : 456, the reinforcement in a column should not be less than

0.5% and not more than 5% of cross-sectional area
0.8% and not more than 8% of cross-sectional area
0.6% and not more than 6% of cross-sectional area
0.7% and not more than 7% of cross-sectional area

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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