System Analysis and Design
The first step in systems Development Life Cycle is

database design
preliminary investigation and analysis
graphical user interface
system design
None of these

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System Analysis and Design
An audit trial is

None of these
All of these
designed to permit tracing of any input record or process performed on a system, back toits original sources
post-auditing the system after its implementation
test data used by the system auditor

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System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
All of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable
None of these
assumes that the black box is independent

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