System Analysis and Design
Top-down programming is

a map of the programmer's view of the data
a group of related fields
a series or group of components that perform one or more operations of a more complex system
an approach in which the top module is first tested then program modules are added from the highest level to the lowest level

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System Analysis and Design
An audit trial is

designed to permit tracing of any input record or process performed on a system, back toits original sources
test data used by the system auditor
All of these
post-auditing the system after its implementation
None of these

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