System Analysis and Design
The black-box concept:

All of these
assumes that the black box is independent
is invoked by describing a system in terms of inputs and outputs, leaving the transformation process a black box.
None of these
assumes that inputs and outputs will remain stable

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System Analysis and Design
Cost-Benefit analysis

None of these
compares the cost, with the benefits, of introducing a computer-based system
evaluates the tangible and non-tangible factors
All of these
estimates the hardware and software costs

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