Heat and Mass Transfer
The energy distribution of an ideal reflector at higher temperatures is largely in the range of

Remain same at all wavelengths
Wavelength has nothing to do with it
Shorter wavelength
Longer wavelength

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Heat and Mass Transfer
The logarithmic mean temperature difference (tm) is given by (where Δt1 and Δt2 are temperature differences between the hot and cold fluids at entrance and exit)

tm = tm = (Δt1 - Δt2) loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = loge (Δt1 - Δt2)/ Δt1/Δt2
tm = (Δt1 - Δt2)/ loge (Δt1/Δt2)
tm = loge (Δt1/Δt2)/ (Δt1 - Δt2)

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Heat and Mass Transfer
In counter flow heat exchangers

Both the fluids at inlet are in their hottest state
Both the fluids at exit are in their hottest state
One fluid is in hottest state and other in coldest state at inlet
Both the fluids at inlet (of heat exchanger where hot fluid enters) are in their coldest state

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