Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
All of these
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

Shell side for large overall heat transfer co-efficient
Tubes to avoid the expansion of high pressure shell construction
Shell side, if the flow is counter-current and tube side if the flow is co-current
Shell side for smaller total pressure drop

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