Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Decreases upwards
Increases upwards
Remains same throughout
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell

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