Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ
Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ
Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)
Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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