Building Construction
In the method of tube boring of soil investigation, the following is essential:

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The tube is raised and lowered by 4 thick rope moving over a pulley suspended on a tripod stand
A flap valve at the bottom of tube is provided to extract the soil sample
A tube of about 2 meters length and 20 cm diameter with a cutting edge

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Building Construction
During percussion drilling

The soil to a considerable depth below the bottom of the hole gets disturbed
Ground water observations are hindered due to entry of the slurry in the soil below the bottom of the hole
Caving or mixing of strata are caused in soft soils or cohesion-less soils
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Building Construction
Two columns 50 cm × 50 cm and 60 cm × 60 cm carry 80 tonnes and 120 tonnes of loads respectively. The centre to centre distance between columns is 5.00 metres. The permissible bearing capacity of the soil is 20 t/m2. If the footing is not to project more than 25 cm beyond the outside of the smaller column, pick up the correct design parameters of the footing from the following:

Distance of
The length of the foundation slab = 7.00 m
G. of the loads from the smaller column = 3.00 m
Area of footing slab = 11.00 m2
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