Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period
Burnt air containing products of combustion
Forced air for cooling cylinder
Air used for combustion sent under pressure

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Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The brake power (B.P.) of the engine is given by (where W = Brake load or dead load in newtons, l = Length of arm in meters, N = Speed of engine in r.p.m., S = Spring balance reading in newtons, D = Dia. of brake drum in meters, and d = Dia. of rope in meters)

P = [(W - S) πDN]/60 watts
P = (Wl × 2πN)/60 watts
P = [(W - S) π (D + d) N]/60 watts
All of these

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