Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
The clearance volume of the air compressor is kept minimum because

It allows maximum compression to be achieved
It permits isothermal compression
It greatly affects volumetric efficiency
It results in minimum work

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
The overall isothermal efficiency of the compressor is defined as the ratio of

Isothermal power to the shaft power or B.P. of the motor or engine required to drive the compressor
Isentropic power to the power required to drive the compressor
Work required to compress the air isothermally to the actual work required to compress the air for the same pressure ratio
Volume of free air delivery per stroke to the swept volume of the piston

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To attain high volumetric efficiency
To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head
To provide cushioning effect
To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
For a two stage reciprocating compressor, compression from p₁ to p₃ is with perfect intercooling and no pressure losses. If compression in both the cylinders follows the same polytropic process and the atmospheric pressure is pa, then the intermediate pressure p₂ is given by

p₂ = p₁. p₃
p₂ = Pa p₃/p₁
p₂ = (p₁ + p₃)/2
P₂ = Pa × p₃/p₁

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