Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
The work ratio of a gas turbine plant is defined as the ratio of

Net work output and isentropic heat drop
Net work output and work done by turbine
Actual heat drop and isentropic heat drop
Net work output and heat supplied

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Compressors, Gas Turbines and Jet Engines
Clearance volume in actual reciprocating compressors is essential

To accommodate Valves in the cylinder head
To provide cushioning effect and also to avoid mechanical bang of piston with cylinder head
To attain high volumetric efficiency
To provide cushioning effect

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