Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful
All of these
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine

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Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Burnt air containing products of combustion
Air used for combustion sent under pressure
Forced air for cooling cylinder
Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center

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