Automobile Engineering in ME
The main function of a master cylinder is to

Convert brake pedal force into hydraulic pressure
Ensure that all the wheel brakes are supplied with the same amount of fluid pressure
Boost the force applied to brake pedal
Adjust the extent of brake pedal free play

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Automobile Engineering in ME
The compression ratio in petrol engine is kept less than in Diesel engine because

It is just customary to have less compression ratio in petrol engines
It makes petrol engines lighter
Higher or equivalent compression ratio in petrol engines is not possible due to pre-ignition
Less compression ratio gives better performance

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