Machine Design
The ball bearings are provided with a cage

To maintain the balls at a fixed distance apart
To facilitate slipping of balls
To prevent the lubricant from flowing out
To reduce friction

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Machine Design
Slenderness ratio is the ratio of

Effective length of column to least radius of gyration of the column
Effective length of column to width of column
Width of column to depth of column
Maximum size of column to minimum size of column

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