Machine Design
In order to remove internal stresses produced by hardening the steel, the process usually adopted is

Tempering
Annealing
Normalizing
Spheroidizing

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Machine Design
Spring index is

Its capability of storing energy
Load required to produce unit deflection
Ratio of coil diameter to wire diameter
Indication of quality of spring

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Machine Design
A stud

Has a head on one end and a nut fitted to the other
Has both the ends threaded
Has head at one end and other end fits into a tapped hole in the other part to be joined
Has pointed threads

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